ABSTRACT
La psicología en el siglo XXI tiene la misión de acercarse cada vez más al bienestar psicológico de las personas, tarea que está presente en la búsqueda de alternativas interdisciplinarias para el enfrentamiento a enfermedades como la Distrofia Miotónica de Steinert (DMS), enfermedad genética, neuromuscular de progresivo deterioro de la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen. Esta investigación pretende la identificación de características psicosociales de los enfermos para contribuir a la modelación futura de estrategias especializadas de asesoramiento y acompañamiento a los enfermos y a las redes de apoyo con que cuentan estos sujetos. Ha sido empleada la metodología mixta, con un predominio del enfoque cuantitativo. Fue aplicada una entrevista semiestructurada y la elaboración de un familiograma a cada uno de los 15 pacientes con Distrofia Miotónica de Steinert estudiados en el período de enero a marzo de 2016 en el Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana, Cuba. Los datos recogidos en una matriz fueron procesados con ayuda del programa SPSS (20.0), aplicó el cálculo porcentual y elementos de la estadística descriptiva (media y desviación típica). Entre los resultados sobresale como elemento preocupante la falta de conocimiento previo sobre la enfermedad en estos pacientes, aun cuando muchos tienen familiares con el mismo padecimiento. Conclusión central: Dado la carencia de información evidenciada sobre estos pacientes en Cuba, se requiere de un estudio multidisciplinar de mayor alcance para contribuir al bienestar psicológico de los mismos(AU)
Psychology in the 21st century has the mission of getting closer to the psychological wellbeing of people, a task that is present in the search for interdisciplinary alternatives for the confrontation of diseases such as Steinert's Myotonic Dystrophy (DMS), genetic disease, neuromuscular disease of progressive deterioration of the quality of life of those who suffer it. This research aims to identify the psychosocial characteristics of the patients to contribute to the future modeling of specialized strategies for counseling and accompanying patients and the support networks that these subjects have. Mixed methodology has been employed, with a predominance of the quantitative approach. A semi-structured interview and the elaboration of a familiogram were applied to each of the 15 patients with Steinert's Myotonic Dystrophy studied in the period from January to March, 2016 at the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Havana, Cuba. The data collected in a matrix were processed using the SPSS program (20.0), applied the percentage calculation and elements of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). Among the results, the lack of previous knowledge about the disease in these patients stands out as a worrying element, even though many have relatives with the same disease. Central Conclusion: Given the lack of information evidenced on these patients in Cuba, a multidisciplinary study of greater scope is required to contribute to the psychological wellbeing of the same ones(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life/psychology , Social Welfare , Myotonic Dystrophy/psychology , Interdisciplinary Research/methodsABSTRACT
This study presents the performance of 39 cases of myotonic distrophy on Kohs' blocks test (21 females and 18 males, age range from 9 to 70 years). On this test, the patients have to reproduce figures from models previously showed to them. Some of the patients had some Kind of professional activity, while others had never exerted a professional occupation. The patients denoted considerable difficulty to perform the test. Some cases constructed entirely different figures in comparison to the presented drawings, translating visuo-spatial and constructional disabilities. The performance was insufficient in 71.4 per cent of the cases. These cases solved less than 50 per cent of the test. The levels of analysis and synthesis were severely imapired. A total of 18 cases got less than 10 points, not reaching 20 per cent of the test. The results showed the sensitivity of this test in detecting visuo-spatial impairment in myotonic dystrophy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Adult , Child , Myotonic Dystrophy/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Space Perception/physiology , Mental Competency , Myotonic Dystrophy/psychology , Visual Perception/physiologyABSTRACT
In this paper the authors disclose the result of a research carried out on two brothers whose parents were first cousins, being the gene transmitted by the father. The psychological test Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children (WISC) was used in two occasions in order to assess the verbal and non-verbal skills. FRM and IRM were nine and eleven-year-old respectively, in the first examination, being the former thirteen and the latter fifteen-year-old on the second one. A comparison between the McFie's diagram and the WISC scores was made: the McFie's diagram showed the impairment severity in each cortical lobe when the left hemisphere was compared with the right one. The McFie's diagram was made from WISC's scores: the McFie's diagram showed the impairment severity in each cortical lobe when the left hemisphere was compared with the right one. On the second examination the performmance was worse than in the first, mainly in the non-verbal aspects. The IRM's diagram showed a reduction in the right frontal and parietal lobes. In the FRM's diagram a reduction in the left frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, and also, in the right parietal lobe was found. The visual-spatial constructive aspects showed greatest impairment in this result.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Myotonic Dystrophy/psychology , Verbal Learning , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
Realizou-se estudo longitudinal das alteraçoes cognitivas de 12 casos de distrofia miotônica comparando os resultados de dois exames com intervalo de tempo entre eles, pois em um a primeira avaliaçao detectaram-se alteraçoes visio-espaciais e construtivas que poderiam evoluis ou nao com o passar do tempo. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos de medidas psicológicas: matrizes progressivas de Raven (escala especial forma caderno para as crianças, adolescentes e adultos com dificuldade cognitivas graves). Wechsler (escala para crianças, subtestes semelhanças e números), cubos de Kohs e Piaget-Head. A seleçao dos testes e respectivas escalas e formas teve como referencial as entrevistas psicológicas realizadas caso a caso. Estes instrumentos com respectivos resultados foram comparados em cada caso através de duas avaliaçoes, com um intervalo de aproximadamente três anos e meio entre a primeira e a segunda avaliaçao de cada teste. Quanto ao desempenho nos testes, verificamos: (a) melhor desempenho estatisticamente significante na segunda avaliaçao pelo teste de Cubos de Kohs, porém tanto o primeiro quanto o segundo exame denotaram desempenhos bastante insuficientes; (b) leve queda do desempenho no teste de Head 1-3; (c) leve melhora testes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Myotonic Dystrophy/psychology , Psychological Tests , Electrophysiology , Longitudinal Studies , Psychometrics , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Os autores demonstraram os resultados de exames psicológicos em pacientes com Distrofia Miotônica, comparando 2 grupos de 5 pacientes cada, um com pais consangüíneos e o outro, nåo consangüíneos. A maioria dos resultados dos testes (16x9) e todas as médias (5x0) mostraram melhor desempenho no grupo dos nåo-consangüíneos. Na avaliaçåo estatística só houve diferença significante no teste Piaget-Head 2. Os autores assinalaram a tendência a um pior desempenho nos consangüíneos, porém enfatizam a necessidade de uma amostra maior para afirmaçöes mais conclusivas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Consanguinity , Myotonic Dystrophy/psychologyABSTRACT
O presente estudo analisa os aspectos psicológicos de 11 casos de Distrofia Miotônica (doença de Steinert). Trata-se de um estudo introdutório à pesquisa desenvolvida no INDC-UFRJ. Avaliaram-se os seguintes aspectos referentes a capacidade geral do grupo investigado: capacidade intelectual, coordenaçäo visomotora, percepçäo, raciocínio abstrato, capacidade de análise e síntese e conceitualizaçäo espacial. Os resultados fornecidos pela avaliaçäo estatística dos dados quantitativos demonstraram deficiência do raciocínio complexo que envolve relaçöes mais elaboradas e correlaçäo entre consanguinidade, acometimento neurológico e a capacidade geral dos pacientes